MPOX

Information for Health Departments

What is Mpox?

Mpox is a rare disease caused by a type of virus typically found in West and Central Africa. This virus is part of the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. People with mpox often get a rash, along with other symptoms. There are two types of mpox: clade I and clade II. Both types spread the same way and can be prevented using the same methods.

Before 2022, most cases in the United States were associated with travel. A subclade of clade II (clade IIb) has been associated with the 2022-23 mpox outbreak that has predominantly affected gay, bisexual, or other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States and globally. In November 2024, the first U.S. case of Clade I mpox was reported in California after a traveler returned from an affected area.

The virus spreads through close contact with infected persons or their bodily fluids (like saliva and fluid from rashes), shared items like clothing or bedding, and respiratory droplets. Mpox can also be spread through direct contact with infected animals. The time from exposure to symptoms is usually 7–14 days but can range from 5–21 days.

Getting vaccinated is a great way to protect yourself and your community. The two-dose JYNNEOS vaccine helps prevent mpox and makes symptoms less severe if you get infected.
 

Mpox in North Carolina

North Carolina’s first case was reported on June 23, 2022. Most cases in the state, like elsewhere, have been among men who have sex with men. 

NCDHHS works with local health departments and community groups to identify cases and make sure everyone gets the care they need. We’re committed to addressing health disparities and publishing monthly updates on who is getting mpox and who’s getting vaccinated. 

Check out the latest case summary and demographic data for more information.

Mpox Symptoms

People with mpox can spread the virus as soon as symptoms start and remain contagious until all scabs heal and new skin forms.

Early signs include fever, tiredness, headaches, and sometimes a sore throat or cough. Some people first notice a rash, which changes over time—from flat spots to raised bumps, blisters, and scabs. This process usually takes 2–3 weeks. The rash can appear anywhere on the body or just in specific areas like the genitals or buttocks. It may be painful or itchy as it heals.

Mpox Testing

If you’ve been exposed to mpox or notice bumps, sores, or blisters you can't explain that look like mpox, we encourage you to get tested. You can visit your healthcare provider or local health department for help.

Testing is quick, easy, and widely available. A healthcare professional will collect a sample, following specific procedures to ensure accurate results. NCDHHS encourages providers to test anyone with symptoms that might be mpox.

Mpox Vaccinations 

Vaccination can protect you from mpox or make symptoms less severe if you get infected. It also helps prevent mpox cases from spreading in North Carolina communities. We recommend it for:

• People with multiple or anonymous sex partners.
• Those exposed to mpox in the past 14 days.
• Anyone who feels they’re at risk through sex or other intimate contact.
• Partners of people who meet the above criteria.
• Travelers to countries with Clade I mpox outbreaks, regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation, who might:
  • Have a new sexual partner(s).
  • Visit commercial sex venues.
  • Trade sex for money or goods.
  • Have sex in association with a large public event (e.g., a rave, party, or festival)

Find your nearest vaccine location and take the first step to protect yourself and others. 

• Current vaccine administration and demographic data
• Providers interested in offering the mpox vaccine should start here: Mpox Vaccine Enrollment and Capacity Survey
• Enrolled providers can request vaccines here: Vaccine Request Link

Mpox Resources

Mpox Communications Toolkit

Resources for the Public

• Mpox Equity Report Update _^(08/15/23)
• Equity Data Report on Cases, Vaccines and Testing _^(08/10/22)
• Mpox Pocket Guide (Spanish) _^(01/05/23)
• NCDHHS Mpox Press Releases
• Town Hall, ENC and NCDHHS: How to Get Checked, Tested and Protected _^(07/29/22)
• Town Hall, ENC and NCDHHS _^(08/30/22) 
• Webinar, NCDHHS and NCAAN: The Mpox Files - The North Carolina Landscape _^(09/26/22)  Recording, Slides
• HIV.gov: Video Resources - 14 Top Mpox Questions  
• CDC: About Mpox
• CDC: General Information on the Mpox Vaccine
• CDC: Preventing Mpox
• CDC: If You are Sick
• CDC: Mpox Resources and Updates
• CDC: Social Gatherings, Safer Sex, and Mpox
• CDC: What You Need to Know About Mpox if You are a Teen or Young Adult 
• WHO: Key Facts
• Zoonotic Diseases

Resources for Providers, Community Partners, Correctional Entities, and Local Health Departments (LHDs):

• Communicable Disease Manual for LHDs
• Communication Relevant to Mpox for People Living with HIV (PLWH) _^(02/08/24)
• Guidance for Correctional Entities _^(08/02/22)
• HBCU/MSI Student Health Director Memo _^(09/08/22)
• JYNNEOS Vaccine Standing Order - Template 1 _^(12/14/22)
• JYNNEOS Vaccine Standing Order - Template 2 _^(12/14/22)
• JYNNEOS FAQs _^(12/13/22)
• Making Mpox Vaccine Recommendations: Additional Considerations _^(07/26/24)
• Mpox and Corrections Townhall Webinar _^(08/03/22)  Recording, Slides, Q & A
• Mpox Collection and Submission Infographic _^(04/25/23)
• Mpox Infection Prevention Talking Points _^(09/01/22) 
• Mpox NCIR Inventory Management User Guide _^(08/05/22)
• Mpox Provider Enrollment Roadmap _^(01/25/24) 
• Mpox Update Provider Memo _^(12/16/24) 
• Mpox Update Webinar for Providers _^(09/08/22) Recording, Slides, Q & A
• Mpox Vaccine Equity Event Toolkit _^(12/02/24) Spanish _^(12/02/24)
• Mpox Vaccine Toolkit    _^(12/15/22)
• Providers interested in offering the mpox vaccine should start here: Mpox Vaccine Enrollment and Capacity Survey
• Enrolled providers can request vaccines here: Vaccine Request Link
• Provider Memo - Mpox and STIs - _^(10/24/22)
• Provider Trainings arranged through NCHTEC _^(02/28/24)
• Quick Fact Sheet for Correctional Entities _^(08/02/22)
• Take Pride Now
• Webinar (07/28/22) - Mpox Update for Providers
• CDC: Interim Clinical Treatment Considerations for Severe Manifestations of Mpox — United States, February 2023
• CDC: Clinical Overview of Mpox
• CDC: DCL - Mpox Considerations for Sexual Health Services
• CDC: Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of Vaccine for Mpox Prevention in the United States
• CDC: Clinical Considerations for Mpox in Immunocompromised People 
• CDCHAN-00490: Potential Risk for New Mpox Cases
• NCSH: Toolkit to Help Providers Educate Patients
• SAMHSA: DCL - SAMHSA Grant Resources for Mpox-related Activities